It is very important that when you
use ideas from another writer or quote another person’s work in
your essay or assignment that you acknowledge this. This means that
you have to say where the idea or information came
from.
If you do not acknowledge
other people’s work you are plagiarising
or stealing their work which
is considered a very serious offense.
It is also important that you
show where you found your information as others must be able to
find the same sources of information that you did.
The style of referencing
that we want all students to use at Howick College is called APA or
Harvard Style.
This style requires you to cite
sources in the text of your essay/assignment. The author and date
of publication are given immediately after the reference or
quotation with a detailed Reference List arranged alphabetically at
the end of the work.
Definitions of terms used
according to APA referencing style:
Quote:
Repeat a passage from a text or
speech
Cite:
Name the origin of the
quote
Bibliography:
List of Literature used as
background reading or for background or further reading
Reference List:
Literature that you have quoted or
cited in your work.
Follow the
style guide given below for citing references in the body of your
work and for compiling your Reference List and/or
Bibliography.
How to Cite Your
References
Immediately after you have
referred to or quoted another person’s work you enclose in brackets
the author’s name and the date the book or article was published
e.g. (Wrightson, 1982) You also do this when you have
referred to maps, diagrams, photographs etc. e.g. See Fig 1.
(Wrightson, 1982) If the work you are referring to has no author,
cite the title and date of publication e.g. (Uses of books,
1997)
Direct quotations
(of less than 40 words) should be
incorporated into the text, within double quotation marks and the
page number should also be stated, e.g. The occupation of
new lands often led to new vocabulary development. “The new
settlers in America obviously had to come up with new words to
describe their New World” (Bryson, 1990, p.154)
Direct quotations longer
than 40 words should be
presented as a separate paragraph, (indented or blocked) and not
enclosed in double speech marks e.g
The new settlers in America
obviously had to come up with new words to describe their New World
and this necessity naturally increased as they moved
inland.
Partly this was achieved by
borrowing from others who inhabited or explored the untamed
continent. (Bryson, 1990, p154)
This is a full list of your
sources, which appears at the end of your work. It is organised in
alphabetical order. (Some subjects may require you to organise
resources according to their type) Follow the format listed below
for each type of information source. Please note the
following:
· Underline the name of a book, CD ROM,
Newspaper or Magazine if handwriting your assignment. Put it in
italics if word processing.
· Capitalise only the first word of the title
and the first word of any sub-title and any proper
nouns
· Place of publication is town/city, not
country.
· The publishers name is given in its simplest
form, e.g. Bushman, not Bushman Press Ltd.
etc.
Reference List Formats for
different types of Information Sources
Author(s) or Editor’s name(s).
(Year of publication) Book title City of Publication:
Publisher
e.g. Britt, D. (Ed.) (1989)
Modern art: Impressionism to Post-Modernism
London:
Guild
King, M. (1989) Moriori - A
people rediscovered Auckland: Viking
Vare, E.A. & Ptacek, G.
(1987) Mothers of invention: From the bra to the bomb: Forgotten
women and their unforgettable ideas. New York: William
Morrow
Books - Where no author is
given:
Title of book
(Year of publication) City of
Publication: Publisher
e.g. New Zealand official
yearbook (1997) Wellington: GP Publications
From a Magazine/Journal or
Newspaper article where you know the author:
Name of the writer (Date of
Publication) Title of the Article Name of the Magazine
or
Newspaper,
Volume, (if applicable) page
numbers
e.g. Beerian, D.A. (1993) In
search of the typical eyewitness American
Psychologist,
Vol 48, pp.
574-578
Revington, M. (September 27,
1997) Watership Showdown New Zealand Listener,
pp.4-5
From a Magazine/Journal or
Newspaper article with unknown author:
‘Title of the article’ (Date of
Publication) Name of Magazine or Newspaper, Volume, (if
applicable) page numbers
e.g. ‘Island of trouble’ (March
12, 1988) The Economist, Vol.306, pp.53-54
From a TV Programme (Watch the
credits at the end)
Name of the Producer (Date of
Production) Title [Television Series] Place of Production TV
CHANNEL
e.g. Learning Media (1983)
Winners and losers: Blues for Miss Laverty [Television
Series] Wellington: TV ONE
NZ on Air (1997) Inside NZ:
Transplants [Television Series] Wellington: TV 3
Author’s Name (Date)
Title Date of Retrieval from Website Address
e.g. Distefano, V (1996)
Guidelines for better Writing Retrieved Jun 28, 1998, from
http://www.usa.net/
Stewart, J. (2005) Writing
Tips archives Retrieved June 28, 2005 from
http://www.write101.com/archives/index.htm
Please Note: Because
personal communications, letters, memos, phone conversations,
interviews and e-mail do not provide data that other people can
access, they are not included in the Reference List and/or
Bibliography. They are cited only in the text of your
work.
e.g. ….the dangers of smoking
were clearly outlined (Cooper, J.B. personal communicaton September
12, 1998)
…alcohol affected her judgement
(Jane Smith, Interview, 1st April, 1997)
Information is
available from many different sources and some are not
covered
here. If you are
unsure how to cite or list references that you have
made,
check with your subject teacher or Library
staff.